History of Embedded System

1961 में, NASA के Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) प्रोजेक्ट में पहला embedded system use किया गया। AGC was a digital computer that provided onboard navigation and guidance for the Apollo spacecraft. It was designed by MIT and built by Raytheon. It used a 16-bit word length, had 36 KB of read-only memory (ROM), and 2 KB of random-access memory (RAM). It ran at a clock speed of 2.048 MHz and could perform about 40,000 instructions per second.

1970 के दशक में, Intel 4004, Intel 8008, Intel 8080, Motorola 6800, Zilog Z80, MOS Technology 6502, and other microprocessors were developed. These microprocessors enabled the development of embedded systems for various applications such as industrial control, automotive control, home appliances, video games, calculators, and personal computers.

1980 के दशक में, embedded systems became more complex and powerful. Microcontrollers such as Intel 8051, Motorola 6809, Motorola 68000, Zilog Z8, and PIC were introduced. These microcontrollers integrated a CPU, memory, I/O ports, timers, serial communication interfaces, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and other peripherals on a single chip. They also reduced the cost and size of embedded systems.

1990 के दशक में, embedded systems became more ubiquitous and diverse. They were used in consumer electronics, telecommunications, medical devices, aerospace, robotics, networking devices, smart cards, and many other fields. Embedded systems also started to use graphical user interfaces (GUIs).